man [command name]
to get more information.
Unfortunately, these manual pages are usually missing examples.
ls [-ltaF]
ls [directory name]
simple directory listing.
This does not list "hidden" files; their names begin with a period.
ls -F [directory name]
indicate directories and programs.
[I have my own computer setup so that ls always gives ls -F.]
ls -a [directory name]
list "all" files.
ls -l [directory name]
"long" directory listing.
ls -t [directory name]
list by last time modified
ls -lt [directory name]
long list by last time modified
Example: ls -alF may give something like
-rw-r--r-- 1 kazdan faculty 2760 May 8 2000 .bashrc drwx------ 5 kazdan faculty 1024 Oct 25 1998 Desktop/ drwxr-xr-x 7 kazdan faculty 1024 Jul 24 15:03 html/ drwx------ 2 kazdan faculty 1024 Oct 29 21:15 Mail/ -rwxr--r-- 1 kazdan faculty 14368 Apr 2 2000 Monty_Hall.html drwxr-xr-x 7 kazdan faculty 1024 Jul 24 15:03 html/ -rwxr-xr-x 1 kazdan faculty 70 Feb 17 2000 projects*A d at the start of a line means a directory. The next 9 characters (3 groups of 3 characters) specify the permissions. The first set of 3 is for the user, the second set of 3 for one's "group" and the third set for the rest of the world.
rm [-ri]
rm [file name]
remove this file.
rm -i [file name]
Prompt before removing each file.
This is what my personal rm gives by default.
rm -r [directory name]
recursively remove this directory and
all its sub directories.
chmod