These are all classics — probably available in your local library. They are very different from each other. Some References for Math 202 Fall 2018: Proving Things, Analysis
- George Polya, How to Solve It, Princeton University Press (paperback)
- George Polya, Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, Volume 1: Induction and Analogy in Mathematics
and Volume 2: Patterns of Plausible Inference, Princeton University Press (paperback)
- Richard Courant & Herbert Robbins, What Is Mathematics?, Oxford University Press (paperback)
- A. D. Aleksandrov, A. N. Kolmogorov, M. A. Lavrent'ev [editors], Mathematics: Its Contents, Methods, and Meaning, Volumes 1-3, second edition, MIT Press (paperback).
An enticing panorama of articles for students.